Midstream

Industry Definitions

Definitions of words and terms used in the gas processing industry.
For questions regarding incorrect/outdated entries or suggestion for adding additional terms, please contact Martin Erne

Term
Definition
ebullition cooling

(Jessica-move to strike this term. It seems to be an outdated term based on a very complicated process of engine cooling that seems to have worked itself out with higher cooling system pressures. However I will take the shot and the group can decide after that) Ebullition; the act of bubbling or boiling. Ebullition Cooling; One type of design for the cooling system of internal combustion engines as found in gas compressors.

emulsion

The dispersion of fine particles of an immiscible liquid and/or solids with another liquid in which the particles are suspended.

end point

The maximum temperature observed on the thermometer during an ASTM distillation test.

enthalpy

The heat content per unit mass of a material. In English units, this is expressed as Btu per pound above some base temperature. A thermodynamic property equalling the sum of a system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

entrained gas

Gas in the vapor phase trapped within a liquid because of the pressure and temperature surrounding the fluids.

entrained liquid

Mist-sized liquid droplets carriedsuspended inby a vapor flow. Not to be confused with components in the vapor phase itself.

entropy

The measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature that is not available for useful work.

ethane

A paraffinic compound having the formula C2H6.

ethane recovery

An operating mode or contractual term used in a gas processing plant where the majority of ethane is directed into the liquid stream.

ethane rejection

An operating mode or contractual term used in a gas processing plant where the majority of ethane is directed into the gas stream.

ethylene

An olefinic compound having the formula C2H4.

evaporative loss

The decrease in volume due to product volitility.

evaporator

A vessel or equipment used to heat or expand a liquid into its vapor phase.

expansion refrigeration

The cooling obtained from the expansion of a gas. See "Joule-Thompson".

expansion turbine

A centrifugal axial flow device through which a high pressure gas's volume is increased to produce work from the pressure, energy, gas, or steam.

extraction

The process of separating one material from another using effort or force.

feed tank

A vessel from which a stream is batched or continuously fed for further processing.

field processing unit

Equipment through which a stream passes before the fluid reaches a plant or sales point.

fifty-percent point

The temperature at which half of a material has distilled during an ASTM D-86 distillation test.

fin-tube

A pipe having an extended external surface to increase the contact area with outside fluid.

final boiling point (FBP)

The max temperature at which the distillate cannot be collected.

fired heater

A furnace in which natural gas or other fuel is burned to provide energy in the form of heat.

flammable

Capable of being ignited.

flare gas

Hydrocarbons in a vapor phase that are burned for the purpose of disposal.

flash point

The lowest temperature at which vapors from a liquid will ignite.